The question has been answered - It depends on cylinder size, number, offset, etc.

I also thought it is worth noting here that Harley Davidson in particular chose to keep inferior engine designs in favor of keeping the terrible sound. 'Merica...

Can you abuse an epi pen?

Then we eat them

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A nautical mile is equal to 1/60 of a degree of latitude (or one second of latitude) on the earth.

Fun fact, those pockets of ice are what get brinicles rolling.

Ice floats because water gets less dense when it freezes. But that isn't true for salt water - salt water behaves like most other substances and increases in density as it freezes. This means that when the ocean gets near freezing, cold, salty water sinks leaving warmer, less salty water near the surface.

Sea ice will only form when the temperature has dropped to a few degrees below freezing for an extended period of time because that allows for the salinity at the surface to drop to the point where ice with that level of salinity has slightly positive buoyancy (it floats). The level of salinity where ice will float is similar to the level of salinity in brackish waters in the ocean near the outflows of major rivers. Ice with that level of salinity is still too salty to be called fresh water, even though it is less salty than the ocean.

But there's another process that occurs - because salt makes it harder for water to freeze, the water that freezes first is formed of microscopic pockets of water that just happens to be salt free. Those initial, salt free ice crystals grow by "absorbing" water molecules from the surrounding ocean. IE, molecules of salt won't stick to those initial ice crystals, but other molecules of water will.

As the salt free ice crystals continue growing, they begin to trap microscopic pockets of very high salinity water inside of them. As a result, new sea ice is made up of crystals of pure, salt free ice water with millions of tiny pockets of extremely salty water trapped inside. Given how small the salt water pockets are, the ice will still appear to have the same brackish salinity as the sea water it froze from to something the size of a human.

But those pockets of salt water don't remain static. The salt will "melt" through the fresh ice below it, eventually melting all the way back into the ocean. This leaves behind a tiny pocket of water free air. The longer a piece of sea ice exists, the more opportunity the salt water inside of it has had to melt out. After about a year, all of the salt inside of the ice will have melted out and what you're left with is a hunk of pure frozen water.

No, but I did take years of Latin where we studied this stuff, and I also know my way around hiking.

But then again, google can tell me that the Roman imperial soldiers were 3x as fast as you give them credit for.

My understanding on this was that it's more about durability so your terminal hair length is when on average your hair will fall., not their maximum growth because the hair follicle know when to stop.. as far as i'm aware it's not an intelligent feature, just look like it

When I go hiking I am encumbered and definitely not on paved roads. Guilty of modern shoes. Still way over 1 mph on all but the steepest trails.

When water freezes, all the individual water molecules (which are roughly "V" shaped) click together into a highly structured repeating 3D crystal pattern that looks like this. Note all the waters form hexagons, kind of like a honeycomb - that's why snowflakes are hexagonal and have 6-sided symmetry.

So yes the water does "purify" itself as it crystallizes into solid ice. Basically, the salt molecules don't really fit or snap into this hexagonal pattern very well, so they mostly get left behind as all the waters start clicking together into their big solid scaffold.

I don't think "fresh water" ice is made from salt water. The glaciers, which are the source of most of the icebergs and ice floes, are made from snow that is compacted down into ice over a long period of low temperatures and additional snowfall on top. The evaporation of salt water produces fresh water, which then falls as rain or snow.

I knew something was up. My chest hair has always been the same length. I had surgery a few months ago and had it nearly all shaved. It grew back so quickly and I thought to myself "if my hair grew back to normal length in a month, why isn't it 10" long in a year?". It seems certain hair must have a "terminal length" like you suggested.

> A 650 twin

Ah, gotta chime in with this, talking about unique sounds...

Vintage Triumph 650cc Bonneville's parallel twin engine have an even different unique sound than same cc v-twins.

This from the two pistons traveling up and down together, while the firing order is 180 degrees apart. That is, one is on compression while the other is on exhaust.

Music to my ears, hah!

Nutrients enter the body through two tubes at the top of your head.

That should have been your first red flag.

Coiling your hair up energizes the brain.

Come on. You can't be serious right now.

The answer to your question isn't why are herbivores so big now? It's why are they so small? If anything, you think about the era of dinosaurs, you had mega animals who ate megafauna. Huge massive plants and nutrition there that fueled the growth of mega animals. Even the mammals of that time, and since then until relatively recent history, were massive. Giant rats compared to today. Giant sloths. Whatever we had today, there were giant versions before.

Humans, smaller than anyone else, just used the environment better. We burned it all down and killed the megafauna, and thus starved out the mega animals to become the apex there. So grass became the most common plant around, and those animals that thrived on grass stuck around. Those that didn't, struggled or went extinct. I think it's the book The Sixth Extinction which goes through this history very interestingly.

In the modern context, your question then comes down to how people massively underestimate veggies now. We've been taught that meat is why human brains evolved, why we grow muscles, and so on. Meat companies literally paid schools to put the food pyramid in with meat and dairy at the top and suggest it was the 'best' food. The top of the pyramid. And that marketing stuck with us and our assumptions about food.

But you take buffaloes, elephants, gorillas, giraffes, and other large land mammals and you see that the largest and the strongest are herbivores. If you think about what actually fuels a mammal's brain (glucose) then those question marks start to creep in. Protein wasn't the answer. Eating a lot more calories (and the particular nutrition) that fueled and allowed more complex thinking was.

Obviously, those animals can process grass. We cannot. We have to farm and grow different plants. But even for humans now, we get 2/3s of our protein on average from vegetables even with such a meat heavy diet today. It's just interesting that by historical standards, today's mammals are actually tiny compared to their predecessors.

What we can take from it for the modern world, though, is we shouldn't assume meat is the best nutrition. Your body needs nutrition. It doesn't really matter if it comes from an animal or a plant for that sake. You can be healthy eating meat or healthy eating a plant-based diet if either are well planned (both have respective risks and rewards). The biggest separator now, though, why humans are taller than ever, is more because total calories is up. The basic formula of calories in versus calories out explains most of this. Even for humans, we're taller than past generations because of this. We eat a lot more calories in childhood than we used to, so we grow more. As kids, that means growing taller. As adults, it means growing sideways.

But yeah, ELI5, is that we underestimate veggies. Even in terms of what you say about working out 5x per week. Meat isn't the crucial factor. Enough nutrients is (esp. in terms of enough nutrients absorbed). Quantity of protein is more important than quality of protein which is more important than timing of protein. You may also be comparing "normal results" to 'influencers' who are on steroids. So that's a whole other ball game. Almost all the popular fitness guys are on the juice. So "normal results" will differ massively there.

Some other causes of gas price changes:

• Refineries undergoing routine maintenance
• California in particular requires a lower-emission gas blend for summer months that is more expensive to produce
• Shipping/logistics issues (tankers, ports, oil transmission)

In all fairness, this does assume decent footwear and a Roman paved road, with worse conditions being expected to slow units down.

But a lot of encumbrance plus having to do it for a long time makes it a lot more impressive. At the time, it was quite the feat mostly because the Romans had the infrastructure make it happen.

Yeah but you're doing that unencumbered, with modern shoes and on paved roads.

Yeah, but you are not carrying the kit of a soldier, which includes full armour, weapons, and provisions. Nor maintaining that speed for an average of ten hours a day and often more. Nor doing this all in conjunction with other men, and while remaining alert and ready for combat.

Strategic movement speeds are much slower than what you think because you have to factor in everything.

The walls of human blood vessels are twice as thick in the lower half of our body, to account for gravity and the fact we live standing upright.

Bats do not have this because they have evolved to vary their body position much more than humans have.

To add to this, once a star is large enough to produce iron, its time is limited. It will be on a fast track to death.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Veins carry blood via (towards) the heart.

That is the difference between them.

All the hair on your body has a life cycle. It grows, falls out , lays dormant a little while then grows again. That is why people lose hair every day but don't go bald. It is also why you have hairs of different lengths all the time. The hair on your head, your eyebrows and the hair on your arms are all programed to grow for different lengths of time before they fall out.

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