It’s been described accurately here, but maybe a way to visualize it could help too. As people have stated, salted ice melts faster than non-salted ice because the freezing point is lowered. Why is quickly melting ice good for making ice cream? Well, in order for ice to melt (salted or non-salted) a lot of heat needs to enter that ice to break the crystal water formations. Like, a LOT of heat. That energy has to come from somewhere, and unlike outside (where the sun can help), your ice cream maker ice has only one option - steal it! So the energy hungry salted ice gobbles up all the heat from every nearby object - and freezes your ice cream solid.

Typical gasoline readily ignites when aerosolized, but is very stable as a liquid (Makes it relatively easy and safe to transport). You could throw a lit match into a barrel of gas and it would most likely just go out, assuming there were no gas vapors present.

A car uses devices such as a carburetor or fuel injectors to purposely aerosolize the liquid gasoline in tiny, tiny spurts, mix it with air and then ignite it using the spark plugs. This creates a small explosion. The power of the explosion in the engine moves a piston. The piston movement turns other stuff and yada yada ultimately powers the car.

So a whole match ON FIRE can fail to ignite a barrel of gasoline, but a teeny tiny spark (from the spark plugs), under the right circumstances, can light a tiny aeresolized and oxygen-rich charge of fuel, and turn that into energy.

“bad for you” and weight gain are not the same. you can be bone skinny and still have health problems from your diet

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No, no I didn't. This sub isn't literally for 5 year olds.

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your engine is made up from a bunch of pistons in a chamber which go up and down. all the pistons connect to a rod which they spin when they go up and down. gasoline is a liquid that can catch on fire and explode very easily. a spark plug is a device at the top of the chamber which creates sparks.

when a piston goes down, gasoline and air are sucked in to the chamber. then when it goes back up the spark plug makes a little spark that makes the gasoline explode. this explosion pushes the piston back down and makes the rod spin. the rod that they spin is connected to the wheels which makes the car move. these explosions happen thousands of times per minute and keep the engine spinning

I guess you missed the part that ELI5 means Explain Like I’m FIVE.

It gets mixed with air just before going into the engine, once it's mixed with air and is no longer a liquid, it's pretty flammable.. at a certain time a sparkplug creates a spark that sets off the burning (about the highest point in the pistons motion so the expanding flames help push the piston down with extra force, enough to rotate a shaft attached to the tires)

The thing mixing the liquid with air is called a carburetor, there's plenty of videos about them on YouTube for free, a channel called smarter every day did a whole deep dive and built a clear one that he shows working up close and in slow motion and I think it'd answer all questions about them

It is flammable. If you put it in a squirter bottle and sprayed some in a metal cup, put the cup upside down, and lit it, the cup would be pushed up. Engines basically do this specially designed metal cups called pistons. The pistons are aligned in a way where each time they are pushed up they spin a shaft. Then fancy engineering makes it so these explosions that push the pistons up can happen 1000s of times per second.

The fuel is pumped into the engine as an atomized mist. The perfect ratio is 1 part of fuel to 14.7 parts air.

So that air fuel mixture (the fuel is atomized, so it’s even distributed) then gets compressed by the engine to roundabout 1/10th of it’s original volume. For example, if each cylinder in the engine is 0.5 Liters, then that 0.5 L gets compressed 10x to fit into 0.05 L.

That’s when the spark plug creates an electric arc, igniting the compressed air/fuel mixture. Now, this is where all the chemistry comes to bear. The oxygen in the 14.7 parts of air is what actually burns. But the 1 part of fuel mixed evenly throughout the air is what spreads the flame quickly and evenly throughout the air. It works like an accelerant, kind of like lighter fluid on a barbecue.

The spark lights the fuel on fire, which then burns all the air… this creates a violent explosion and rapid expansion of hot gases that force the engine to spin and create usable power.

When gas burns in air, it becomes a gas and gets hot. When a gas gets hot it expands. When a gas expands, it can push things.

So we trap it in a tube, burn it, and when the gas in the tub expands it pushes on a 'cap'. When the cap moves it pushes the wheels forward. Do this a thousand times a minute and you've got a decent amount of energy for a car.

Gasoline liquid evaporates very easily to gasoline vapor. Gasoline vapor is highly flammable. So if you take gasoline vapor, mix it with air, and then cause a spark, it will burst into flames. If you put that explosion into a sealed container, that burst of flame becomes an explosion. If you only partially seal the container, plugging one side with a movable piston, the explosion will push the piston outwards. If you hook up that piston to a rotating crankshaft, the motion of the piston blowing outwards from the cylinder can be used to turn the crankshaft.

If you use some mechanical or electronic systems to regularly put gasoline vapor and air into the cylinder, spark it to ignite it, and then open a vent to get rid of the combustion gases, then you can turn that gasoline liquid/vapor into steady rotational energy in the crankshaft. You can hook the crankshaft up to whatever you want; a transmission to power a car, or an alternator to generate electrical power.

I believe this because whenever I drank diet sodas back when I drank a lot of soda, I'd always get hungry right after. Personally I was diet agnostic, I never specified it when ordering a soda, but also didn't care if I accidentally got it. Some of my family drank diet exclusively, and that's where I noticed when I drank a diet soda I'd always get hungry shortly after.

Mythbusters episode on drafting. Starts with don't try this at home. https://youtu.be/lttgT1XZVvE

A well stated replay to the question.

Hi!

There are lots of issues.

It depends on what specific sweetener you are referring to, and what you mean by "bad for us" or "contribute to obesity"

• As far as bad for us - sucralose can be a trigger for migraines

The paper Body & brain: No-cal sodas can trick the brain: Sugar-free sweeteners may contribute to obesity risk has lots of details. I'll try to summarize

>saccharin and other sugar-free sweeteners — key weapons in the war on obesity — may paradoxically foster overeating.

This was not a big data study, only 24 subjects.

>One strong link to higher diet soda consumption was reduced activation of the caudate head, an area associated with the food motivation and reward system. Green and Murphy note that decreased activation of this brain region has also been linked to higher risk of obesity.

It finds a link (but not proven causality) that the area of the brain lit up (fMRI studies) in response to diet soda was the same area that is associated with obesity.

in earlier studies

> Swithers’ group showed that rats that always received a saccha- rin-sweetened yogurt learned to modu- late their food intake to account for the sweetener’s failure to deliver calories. But rats that alternately got saccharin- and sugar-sweetened yogurts got fat.

If you are curious about the research, Bisphenol-A, found in BPA plastics has been linked to obesity. Childhood exposure causes people to want more sweet foods.

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Yep. Salty icewater is colder than icewater without salt, so it’s better at chilling the ice cream.

This is the only right answer. Heat of formation.

The salt makes the ice melt at a lower temperature so the water transfers heat faster cooling the ice cream faster. On the road the salt still makes the ice melt at a lower temperature which means it melts off the road instead of staying ice.

And what makes you think that our stupidity at governing isn't a part of nature? Also just because we're a technological species doesn't mean that nature can't eliminate us. That kind of thinking is what leads to shit like the Titanic.

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Thank you!

Thank you