Maybe we will be able to piece it together soon, apparently King Charles has allowed DNA analysers to analyse two bodies in the royal crypts which are suspected to be the kids.

It’s actually bronze base on the era and the other comments. I think they recycled enemy’s equipment

Another shout for The Rest is History and In Our Time. IOT is an institution in the UK while TRIH is relatively new and has a different dynamic but both excellent in their own ways.

[deleted]

Royals and nobles killing their relatives over titles was extremely common. Just for example:

• Yaropolk I of Kiev ordered the assassination of his brother, Oleg. The third brother, Vladimir the Great, fled to Scandinavia and then returned with an army and had Yaropolk killed.
• Ioannes I Tzimiskes assassinated his maternal uncle, Nikephoros II Phokas, with the help of his uncle's wife and some disgruntled generals.
• Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah is suspected to have been assassinated on the orders of his half-sister, Sitt Al-Mulk.
• Fernando I of Castile killed his brother-in-law, Bermudo III of León, in battle and then claimed the Leonese throne in right of his wife.
• Sancho II of Castile was probably assassinated on the orders of his siblings, Urraca of Zamora and Alfonso VI of León.
• Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia has been long-suspected of ordering the murder of his older brother, Wenceslaus (the subject of the carol, "Good King Wenceslaus".)
• Andronikos I Komnenos ordered the murders of his cousin's two children, Alexios II Komnenos and Maria Porphyrogennete Komnene (and a lot of others) to make himself emperor.
• István IV of Hungary was poisoned by supporters of his nephew while besieging Zemun.
• Arthur of Bretagne was likely killed on the orders of his paternal uncle, John I of England.
• Albrecht I of Germany was assassinated by his nephew, Johann Parricida, who was aggrieved that his uncle had not given him any land.
• Edward II of England ordered the execution of his cousin and enemy, Thomas of Lancaster. He was later deposed by his wife and disgruntled barons and probably secretly killed in prison.
• Joanna I of Naples was deposed and later murdered by her second cousin and nephew by marriage, Charles of Durazzo. Charles then tried to claim the Hungarian throne from another cousin, Maria of Hungary, but was assassinated on the orders of her mother, Elizabeta Kotromanić.
• Pedro I of Castile was personally murdered by his half-brother and enemy, Enrique de Trastámara.
• Richard II of England was deposed by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, and then likely killed later in prison on Henry's orders.
• Henry VI of England was deposed by his distant cousin, Edward IV, and eventually murdered in prison.

No, not in that strict sense.

[deleted]

We don’t know - Richard III might have had them killed, someone might have killed them to please Richard, maybe they just died due to other reasons. We don’t know.

Because they were running short of volunteers… Initially a lot of people volunteered to ‘fight commies’ & ‘liberate Vietnam’, yet that fiction soon was shown for what it was and it became harder to find recruits, hence the draft.

"I see no hope for the future of our people if they are dependent on the
frivolous youth of today, for certainly all youth are reckless beyond
words. When I was a boy, we were taught to be discrete and respectful of
elders, but the present youth are exceedingly wise and impatient of
restraint." -Hesiod, approx. 700 BCE

[deleted]

Yes, it's all binary. I believe there were a few experimental computers that used other system, but everything else is binary.

I should point out that outside of computer chips not everything is "binary" in the sense of a signal can be only in one of two states. For instance Ethernet cables can pass many different signal states. How many states depends on the speed of the connection, but it might be something like 64 or 256 different states. This is what makes it so fast. Instead of sending just a 1 or 0, you might send a "34", which actually means 01101, for example, so you are sending five binary values at once instead of just one. I'm hand waving a bit, but that's the idea. When them signal comes into your computer, it ultimately ends up being 0s and 1s again.

Generally it's dictated by whoever was there when a colonizer showed up.

That’s super sick, the people that figured out ways to make what is essentially a super complex set of switches, and engineer a way for it to interface and write the first code is very neat.

was it something like binary? Then the binary (power and grounds or on/off from the cards) could build into more complex lines of code in the newer stuff?

Why was there a draft in the US for the Vietnam war?

Short answer: something like a punch card

The first pieces of silicon weren't that (functionally) different than vacuum tubes. They were harder/better/faster/stronger, but still just a series of gates that could be turned on and off. In this way, there weren't really "programmed" in the sense that you would do something to them that would physically change the silicon. To use them, there are a bunch of pins that come out of the silicon, and you have to either put power on them or ground them to get it to do what you want. The easiest way to do this is to punch holes into pieces of paper and run those through a machine that detects holes or not holes and puts power on the pins accordingly. This is a punch card.

Eventually we had things like silicon memory (RAM) that could actually store information in the silicon (as long as the power was on), but these still stored programs (which is just the sequence of on/offs that the punch cards provided) externally - for example on magnetic tapes. Nowadays we have things like flash which do permanently store those values in silicon. To get the code into that silicon we use.... another computer that already has the code in it. To get it into that computer we use.... an earlier computer. If you follow this back all the way, you will end up with punch cards, basically.

Similar to history of Rome style

• Revolutions also by Mike Duncan
• history of byzantine, directly designed as a successor
• history of England by David Crowther - similarly systematic, more detailed/zoomed in

Other great ones

• The Rest is History: eclectic, funny, good dynamic between the two hosts but still serious history
• In Our Time: groups of academic guests discussing a massive and v eclectic set of topics with a curious nonexpert chairing and keeping it moving and asking questions listeners might.

Posting this here since /r/history seems to remove any post I make.

If a people considered indigenous to an area are found to have been predated by another culture does that remove the indigenous status of that people?

Obviously this could be a bit philosophical but I've always thought the term indigenous was sort of broad considering how long humans have been spreading out. I'm curious, is there only one group that can be considered indigenous to an area? If one is found that predates that group is it now the indigenous people? are they both considered indigenous?

Oxford dictionary defines it as:

>Indigenous: originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

So by strict definition wouldn't Africa be the only real place we're indigenous to? Is it a slippery slope to assign indigenous people to an area knowing that likely other people existed there with no evidence found thus far?

I'd love to hear all opinions but I'm specifically interested in how that idea works with historians/anthropologists working in the field.

Definitely check out The Sleepwalkers by Christopher Clark if you haven't yet.

My favourite history podcast is ‘The Siecle’, about France 1814-1914. It doesn’t update very often but it’s really excellent, well sourced, with transcripts and additional notes available on the website

[deleted]

The Two princes in the Tower disappeared without a trace and were believed to have been killed by their uncle who became king in their places.

[removed]

Even today breeders and horse trainers select animals who seems undaunted by sounds, and then they expose them to more to train them. They still do this to train police horses.

Roman Emperors: Totalis Rankium is a hilarious take on Roman history where the hosts rank each emperor on a few sliding scales. They're about to wrap up with the final Eastern Roman dynasty.

They also have a similar podcast about the American presidents, equally as funny, and Nixon just finished up.