You'd just end up with a newly built ship I reckon.

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I don't know. The earliest example I can think of would be Homer. There are many motifs that I see throughout world history in terms of literature and mythology that are common among different cultures, e.g. a hero who narrowly escapes death as an infant. If the trend to which you are referring is common among different cultures, then there might not be any known origin.

I don't have an exact answer for you, although I can say that the north Atlantic region experienced what is called the "little ice age" during that time, so it would have been a bit cooler than it is now. What gets me is when I see pictures of female slaves wearing dresses while picking cotton in the deep south. That must have been unbearable.

This wreck was featured on an archeology program in the UK and footage shows very little of it remains. Its mostly cannon and cargo lying on the sea floor. The cargo was construction stone so lots of big blocks of stone sitting around on the sea floor. Very little wood wreckage seems to still exist.

So they can bring up stuff like the cannon but when it comes to the wreck itself there is nothing to raise and nowhere near enough to reconstruct from raised bits of it.

>Like the Christian physiologists and Ellen White, Kellogg believed that the human body at any one time had a finite supply of vital energy or force and that this force contributed to the state of one’s overall health. To waste vital energy through masturbation or excessive sexual activity led to a serious and perhaps permanent decline in one’s health.

​ Brian C Wilson - Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the Religion of Biologic, ISBN 978-0-253-01455-9, p.45

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The seas probably lack oxygen there which means no bacteria/animals could live there. Quick Google, Wikipedia tells me the Baltic sea is indeed quite a dead sea.

Interestingly enough this is also the cause of coal/gas/oil in our ground. Without an anoxic environment carbon waste decays and does not transform into our carbon deposits which we use for energy nowadays. Thus big carbon deposits in the ground point to anoxic environments in the past.

Out of curiosity, whats the site called??

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Was just about to say this! I find particularly fascinating that we don't don't how hoplites fought - underhand or overhand grip?

Maybe the English are still holding a grudge over our maritime wars.

A significant issue is that trenches weren't singular lines of defence, but rather multiple ones designed with defence in depth as a guiding principle which had massive ramifications.

Gaining the outermost trench wasn't all that difficult, holding it however was a nightmare. The outermost lines were lightly defended with the bulk of the troops stationed on the ones behind that, away from enemy artillery while the front line was still well protected by theirs. This meant if you gain that outer trench line, you wound be facing immediate counterassaults from large units of fresh infantry as well as being under fire by enemy artillery whilst you were still trying to reorganise your units and move your artillery up to defend your line. The enemy also held other high cards such as having direct communication trenches leading to frontline trenches, defences between the first and second lines being designed with counter offense in mind and having clear, stable lines of supply behind their remaining trenches whilst you were stuck with the question of how to lug HMGs, ammunition, wounded and a hundred and one various things through the quicksand like quagmire that was no mans land and get your artillery forward to support you (which given said forward positions were square in that quagmire was a difficult task in the least). Logistically and tactically, you were quite utterly screwed despite your success.

So even if you managed to dig a trench into the enemies outer line (and not have the daylights shelled out of you in the process), you were still massively exposed to counterattack, especially by the Germans who were notorious for quickly and aggressively pushing back, whilst lacking artillery and logistic support.

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You’d be surprised at how many things people just assume is obvious and never wrote down.

We have no idea how ancient or even medieval armies fought at the front line because it was just obvious to everyone.

Agreed MacIntyre is fantastic!!

In the Baltic sea, due to low salt, there are no ship worms.

Not necessarily, just look up the Mary Rose Ship in England

Ok that makes sense. Thanks again for taking the time to type that out for me! You seem very knowledgeable on the subject!

The basic design of the hull is known, the experts were particularly interested by the many repairs and upgrades done to the ship. A layer of pine was attached to the outside and two layers of oak to the inside of the hull. They want to find out how effective it was (I mean, the ship sunk but still) and how common this was.