DUDE. This is ... AWESOME. My family is already sick of me walking around the house reciting these!

> as if they were the sole instigator and agressor of WW1

I didn't have anything to do with it.

This is usually invoked as an explanation for the ill will many Germans had towards the Allies; feeling that they were being unfairly blamed and forced to pay for a war in which the other Great Powers had all played their own role in making inevitable.

IMO, the rise of Hitler in Germany was the result of a two pronged problem. The Treaty of Versailles was onerous in many ways...and in some respects, against German dignity as a nation. Then the Great Depression hit and while the rest of the world was trying to recover from that the country of France insisted on Germany continue it's reparations. This allowed the rise of the extremists in German society...this 'us against the world' mentality preached by the likes of Hitler.

The treaty of Versailles is considered to be too harsh because Germany was being punished as if they were the sole instigator and agressor of WW1. In reality there were deeper causes for the outbreak of WW1 which includes many different European countries.

The reparations Germany had to pay as stated in the treaty of Versailles was a infeasible amount of money. This on top of Germany having to surrender (economically important) parts of land and the ‘great depression’ led to Germany going through an incredibly punishing time for the German people.

I was born and raised in Alaska. It baffles me that Only in Alaska this is taught in American history

I remember liking Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference by Frederick Cooper and Jane Burbank when I read it for university a few years ago. But it is more focused on how empires dealt with their diverse subjects rather than the decline and fall. The Amazon page for it does have the look inside feature to see if it has what you want.

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Throughout medieval and into modern western history, there was always prejudice against people with different religious beliefs. This applied not just to non-Christians, but among different Christian denominations as well. However, in the case of Jews, what I see happening is a transformation from religious to racial prejudice.

From what I can tell, Jews in Europe were viewed as white people who practiced the wrong religion. Benjamin Disraeli's family converted to Christianity when he was ten. Had they not done this, it is unlikely that he would have become prime minister, but his Jewish ancestry did not prevent it. During the 19th century, many Jews converted to Christianity and some changed their last names.

Hitler viewed Jews as a separate race. During the Holocaust, there were people who didn't know they had Jewish ancestors until the Gestapo researched their ancestry and showed up at their door. This sort of racial view of Jews seems to be the prevailing view of anti-semites today.

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Eugenics was a common belief among the movers and shakers of many regions of the world. This is a very nuanced question and although I think fighting the war to "stop" the Nazis was important it was not a moral decision by goverment. IBM made a fortune off the Holocaust. Henry Ford was an anti semite and eugenisist. In my opinion moat of this stems from the idea that you can perfect humanity and human societies. It always end in tears for large groups if people.

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There's a 1390 English cook book that's survived, The Forme of Cury.

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“We have worshipped it, hoping that it would help alleviate the coronavirus pandemic even if only slightly,” the head priest said. “I hope the research project can leave (scientific) records for future generations.”^1

Excerpt from the linked content^2 about research^3 at Kurashiki University into the origins of folklore:

>Five researchers from the Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts here and other organizations had been analyzing the mermaid to determine its true identity since February last year.

>The team used X-rays, a high-resolution CT scanner and other modern equipment for the study.

>They said some real biological parts were found in the mermaid.

>For example, the lower body contains bones from perhaps the tail and dorsal fins of a Sciaenidae fish, while the mummy’s jaw was that of a carnivorous fish.

>But they found no major bones in the spine or rib cage. And the jaw was the only bone in the head.

>The body’s interior consisted mainly of a mold of cloth, paper and cotton.

>The head was almost entirely made of cotton, along with plaster and similar materials, they said.

>The surface of the upper body was created with thin layers of paper, with puffer fish skin and animal hair glued to it, according to the study.

> 

>Based on scales peeled from the lower body, the researchers said it is highly likely that the mermaid was created in the late 1880s.

>The researchers tried to conduct a DNA analysis, but no DNA was detected in the mermaid.

>Kozen Kuida, 61, chief priest at Enjuin temple, said after the study that the mermaid mummy will remain a prized possession of the temple.

>“Many people in this area came here and joined hands to pray (to the mermaid), so it holds their thoughts,” Kuida said at a news conference.

>“Now we have learned that it was molded with things that were alive. We want to continue to protect it with great care.”

>How Enjuin temple acquired the mermaid mummy in the first place remains a mystery.

^1 Scientists try to unravel mystery of eerie ‘mermaid mummy’, Kunio Ozawa for the Asahi Shimbun, 19 Feb. 2022, https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14543351

^2 Study finds ‘mermaid mummy’ largely a molded object, Kunio Ozawa for the Asahi Shimbun, 8 Feb. 2023, https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14834950

^3 人魚ミイラの実態解明/圓珠院所蔵『人魚のミイラ』研究最終報告, 7 Feb. 2023, https://www.kusa.ac.jp/news/2023/02/20230207mermaid.html

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Modern humans, being perhaps over 1 million years old, have been star gazers for a hell of a long time. They wouldn't need an astronomy lesson, but could instead teach one! I'd bet you they all had at least one name for Orion's belt, for instance. Probably the dippers and Cassiopeia, too. And on and on, including Taurus, the Twins and Aquarius.

Ancient civilizations pretty much all developed calendars, obviously experienced seasons, often had rituals based on astrological events and seasons, had holidays, and in most cases months would be based on the lunar cycle.

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I agree, except i believe winter babies vs summer babies could have slightly different personalities based on the mood around their birth and early days

Bad news for those worrying about other variant pathogens in the jet age, I should think.

Hello! I am looking for a birthday present for one of my friends. He wants the book "Verlorene Welten: Eine Geschichte der Indianer Nordamerikas " - not available in English, its a book about the history of the north american natives. I would like to add something that's linked to that topic, maybe a historical tool they used with an interesting story on top or something he could use as decoration that reminds him of them. Or maybe a receipe that is typical for them? Any ideas? Thank you in advance.

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What was the area of Standard Oil monopoly in the USA?

From what I remember, at the height of its power, Standard Oil had a 91%
monopoly across the US. This should mean that a huge area of the
country was completely monopolized. On what percentage of the US land area did this famous company have a complete monopoly?

A map is welcome.

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