In German-occupied areas they were generally interned as enemy aliens, much as happened to Axis nationals in the UK, though those on a particular nazi hate-list faced greater danger. The internment camps seem to have been more civilised affairs than those for nazism's perceived racial or ideological enemies, subject to Red Cross inspection with some inmates being released after a period of incarceration, notably men over 75 and women over 60: there's a study of women in the Besançon and Vittel camps here.

What kind of "ball" did George Washington play? I'm reading Ron Chernow's biography of GW, and came to this note:

"In another sharp departure from European formality, Washington engaged in sports with subordinates and “sometimes throws and catches a ball for whole hours with his aides-de-camp.”"

Clearly, they were many years from anything at all like the sports we know today. But they were also many years from even the materials or manufacturing methods to create balls like we'd use in those sports. So what was he using? What were the games like that he and his aides might have played? Colonial era sports are not something I have ever even heard referred to before.

According to mtvernon.org he liked Archery, Swimming, and Pool, in addition to playing catch. But, he wasn't just chucking billiard balls at his buddies, right? What is this revolutionary war ball they were playing?

Very interesting. Thanks for the answer

Hi guys.

Were there any instances of graffiti on the east side of the Berlin Wall before it was taken down? I know the west side was covered in graffiti from various artists, and I know that the East side was heavily guarded but I feel like there must have been some instances that were captured of art of some kind on the east side before it was painted over. Does anyone know or have any evidence of this as I am studying it for my university course and can't seem to find anything online.

The US Department of State further complicates matters by offering an area of 45,000 sq mi agreed at the end of 1853 before the final reduction to 29,670, while wikipedia suggests that the chosen package initially came to 38,000 sq mi.

There may be a confusion among the various parallel alternative packages Gadsden was authorised to negotiate, the biggest option ($50m) including Baja California (55,360 sq mi according to wiki). So could that be where the higher number comes from?

Why State should give yet another size remains a puzzle, but its 45,000 sq mi could relate to that envisaged in the original $15m proposal for that section of the frontier before successive reductions to 38,000 or so at the signing and the eventual $10m for 29,670 sq mi.

Four numbers, four different areas of which we know one's right. But the 55,000 does seem out of line with all the others.

This is what my grandpa found out. Some ancestor around 200 years ago was given our family surname but their Y-DNA didn't match. My grandpa and his cousins (who've now had their Y-DNA analyzed) have the same Y-DNA of another family (our genetic surname, if you will) so they're all related, just not the descendants of their family surname. We laugh about it because we know what the genetic surname is, so we've been tracing where our family surname and the genetic surname had interactions. Sometime between the American Revolution and about 1820 a bastard was born (among other theories)...

This is what my grandpa found out. Some ancestor around 200 years ago was given our family surname but their Y-DNA didn't match. My grandpa and his cousins (who've now had their Y-DNA analyzed) have the same Y-DNA of another family (our genetic surname, if you will) so they're all related, just not the descendants of their family surname. We laugh about it because we know what the genetic surname is, so we've been tracing where our family surname and the genetic surname had interactions. Sometime between the American Revolution and about 1820 a bastard was born (among other theories)...

You misheard, it's plain old Führer, a reference to Phibun's borrowings from European regimes of the period. I'd consider him more comparable with Mussolini than Hitler, but such inspirations weren't uncommon among nationalist stongmen or authoritarian movements of the global "periphery", generally inspired more by fascist models of superficial national unity enforced by top-down discipline than by the rabid racial mania epitomised in Berlin.

I’ve always dug the 1910s/20s on an aesthetic/vibes level, but I want a more substantial knowledge of the era. The look, the fiction, the fashion, the science of the time. Other than the Great Gatsby, are there any books or sources about what life would’ve been like for the average American at the time?

To people who didn't realize that ancient Egypt had extensive trade routes, probably.

Is McPherson wrong in his seminal book Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era?

On page 108 McPherson states that the negotiated area of the Gadsden Purchase was "55,000 square miles, but northern senators cut out 9,000 of these before enough northern Democrats joined southern senators to approve the treaty in 1854."

But according to Wikipedia and other websites the territory purchased ended ub being 29,670 square miles. So, the figure of 55,000 square miles can't possibly be correct right? Or am I missing something?

I was just surprised to find that this mistake somehow made it to print.

Zamoyski's book on Napoleon is excellent. Roberts is very much a Napoleon fanboy and worships him too much. There's a great discussion here.

I was able to handle bones of various ages in an osteology lab and looking at plenty of pictures of cadavers while studying anatomy on my own time, until I came across one that looked like my husband.

That was a hard nope.

Any plans for studying forensics went out the window pretty quick after that.

I loved my biopsychology class in college. My professor labeled the parts of actual human brains and let us hold one. It was quite awe-inspiring...it's difficult to describe the feeling. They're so small.

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Is this surprising?

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