this simply goes to prove that our past is lot more complex than we ever believed, you know what I mean? this is very interesting...

Wow thanks for sharing this. I never knew about it but, sadly, I can’t say I’m surprised.

Ahh awesome, I'll put him on my list! I didn't even think about it, but since you read Portuguese one I recommend a lot is Salazar's Como Se Levanta Um Estado. It was released in 1937, it is a really interesting insight into his worldview and the regime leading up to WW2. Available here on the internet archive: https://archive.org/details/como-se-levanta-um-estado-salazar_202104

What a treasure trove! Thanks! Since you study this subject you should checkout Brazilian integralismo and it's leader, Plínio Salgado. He had connections in Portugal, his books were printed there and he went into exile there after the Getúlio Vargas coup and creation of the authoritarian Estado Novo.

For Fascism, some of the cornerstones in the historiography of Comparative Fascism are:

Fascism - Comparison and Definition by Stanley Payne

A History of Fascism 1915-1945 by Stanley Payne

The Nature of Fascism by Roger Griffin

The Anatomy of Fascism by Robert Paxton

The Birth of Fascist Ideology by Zeev Sternhell

Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France by Zeev Sternhell

António Costa Pinto is my favorite author writing in the field still. He has some great books on the Portuguese Fascist movement, Estado Novo, and Corporatism as a system of economic organization (both with and separate from Fascism political organization) in the 20th century. I haven't read it yet, but he has a newer book on Latin American fascism that may cover Brazil. Some of my favorites by him (including edited volumes) are The Blue Shirts: Portuguese Fascists and the New State, Rethinking Fascism and Dictatorship in Europe, and Corporatism and Fascism: The Corporatist Wave in Europe.

Edit: Costa Pinto has two on Latin America, Latin American Dictatorships in the Era of Fascism: The Corporatist Wave, and Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Europe and Latin America: Crossing Borders.

Im from Philippines, and we were taught in school that the Spaniards who colonized us from 1500s to 1800s were the worst. I know a lot of other countries also went through Spanish rule, but how does PH's experience as a colony compare to other Spanish colonies?

especially during a time when the effects of industrialization were not yet fully understood...

In this article CNN somehow completely overlooked the fact that Sidney Poitier was also targeted by the FBI.

https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/sidney-poitier-fbi-files-persecution-foia-civil-rights-movement-barack-obama-1234685050/

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If you like Japan the “history of Japan podcast” by Isaac Meyer is great. More than 400 episodes on every topic from religion to culture to war. The first 40 or so are a chronological history of Japan. Then there are great series that deep dives on topics like the Meiji revolution, the bombs, Hirohito, the Sengoku Jidai, democracy in Japan, so on.

It goes from antiquity to the extremely current (like a four episode biography of former prime minister Abe Shinzo)

I just don't understand how you make the jump from oh hey they had somewhat of an idea to they had everything figured out.

I mean the only thing you can do is study the structure itself. They already understand that it's not a precise machine, but enough study had been done to say there was some less precise monitoring of the sun and moon.

Some time ago i encountered interesting facts about akizuki-class destroyers particiularly their main armament they were equipped with 100mm type 98 Universal cannons instead of type97 127mm aa cannons and according to the notes these cannos were very good so why Japanese didin’t equip other destroyers with them?

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Before the Meiji era, would it be allowed for a well-off farmer's daughter to marry the son of either a retainer of the Tokugawa shogunate or a magistrate of the rice storehouse? Or would the caste system make it not possible?

Apparently, only those within the same caste can marry or something. Retainer = samurai family.

Why doesn’t it make sense?If you’re throwing out troops to slaughter I don’t see what advantage there would be from throwing out sober sacrifices

I’m looking for resources on the history of the communist party in the Philippines under the leadership of Jose Maria Sison, would greatly appreciate journal articles, newspaper articles, and scholarly books/chapters

If it's true, then England has joined every other country in the list of countries England has stolen artifacts from.

Another insight:

Atomic Heroes and Atomic Monsters: American and Japanese Cartoonists Confront the Onset of the Nuclear Age, 1945–80 by Ferenc M. Szasz &Issei Takechi

Civilians from both Guangdong and Hong Kong were dragooned as forced labour for Hainan's mines and associated railway & port construction. Some such intended fate seems the likeliest candidate, unless he was suspected of political association with the republic's cause or with the British colonial authorities. It was certainly a lucky escape, conditions for the Hainan workers having been exceptionally harsh and treatment of suspected enemies harsher still.

I’m interested in learning more about Iranian history. Any good resources?

I don't think it necessarily would, though: the Austrians hadn't fought a last-ditch battle at the city gates, so it couldn't be assumed in Russia either with the assets of its space and its weather, especially given the capital's peripheral location. A calculation that the enemy might leave him to plod around an abandoned palace as his troops froze or starved wouldn't have been unreasonable.

I'd say Said was cleverly associating his target with a term that was already falling into disrepute. Geographical shifts in scholarship may also have contributed, Asia being Asia wherever you are, but "Orient" making little sense if it's to your north, south or west.

My parents were of Norwich's vintage but I don't recall encountering either form in childhood except in "We Three Kings" (which I think left us all initially puzzled) or perhaps in period TV dialogue, and thereafter it was already perceived as old-fashioned, so I think Said was using that to his advantage.

I mean that an attack on the capital would force the Russians into battle.

The term really started falling out of favor in academia and general usage after the publication of Orientalism in 1978.

For whatever it's worth, though, my late grandparents were both around the same age as Norwich and they often used "Oriental" in conversation — I guess because old habits die hard.