> People must understand that we don't know how old the Pyramids are, we are only doing calculated guesses.

We have actual, written history of Egypt going back for thousands of years. They recorded who was buried in each pyramid, both on the pyramids themselves and in their records. The Greeks and Romans themselves have written histories that talk about their interactions with Egypt and corroborate much of what they wrote.

Egypt wasn't some kind of insular backwater, the Egyptians interacted with other states. Sometimes they were a regional superpower, sometimes they were closer to a vassal state, sometimes they were broken up into multiple states. There's over six thousand years of continuous history there, a lot can happen.

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I was replying to your impression that no bodies/mummies have ever been found in pyramids.

What do you propose they were instead?

Right on, so we've got one body so far. There are and were quite a few pyramids out there yeah? Lot of them not even in Egypt. Are you suggesting that based on this one body all pyramids MUST be tombs?

Sure they must have taken great lengths to cut down 100% the inscriptions on the walls and loot them, however nobody can deny that treasures very well might have been looted.

In the last 100 years we have discovered more chambers that were previously unknown and untouched yet they are still empty.

Not a calculated guess, but a theory supported by evidence from both the archaeological and textual record.

Well you are simply wrong, a calculated guess is still a guess.

Excerpt:

>It is easy to forget the unprecedented nature of Trypillia megasites. During the 5th and 4th millennia BC in Eurasia, Trypillia megasites were unique in size and scale.

>Nowhere else on the planet in 4200 BC compared to the megasite of Vesely Kut, in south-central Ukraine, covering an area of 150 ha.

>While major parts of the megasite plans have been produced at Taljanki and Majdanetske, the Nebelivka Project has produced the only complete megasite plan so far, with a site area of 238 ha inside a shallow perimeter ditch.

>The characterization of the category ‘urban’ in the Trypillian context in general, and Nebelivka in particular, has nine constituents — the territory to which a site is central, site size, population numbers, population heterogeneity, the concentration of skilled labour and management, the built environment and formalized spaces with special functions, the scale of subsistence, the potential to be a node and re-distribution centre in a wide-reaching exchange network and the overall social structure.

> 

>The social, economic and personal implications of living on a small 4.5 ha and the rare >150 ha sites are so different that there was no possibility that the Nebelivka megasite was simply a very large example of a typical small rural settlement.

>It is only in the last 10 years that the significance of a certain class of sites has finally been recognized.

>In contrast to the classic high-density cities such as London, Paris and Berlin, low-density urban sites displayed variable population densities across their much larger area.

>Low-density urbanism was initially recognised by Roland Fletcher and is now an acknowledged alternative trajectory of urban development in most regions in the world.

Bisserka Gaydarska and John Chapman, 30 November 2020.

It's not much of a mystery, they were looted.

After all the language is called galaico-portuguese, oh boy, peeps want to claim being associated with a very morally bankrupt dude that died 500 years ago.

Maybe someone at some point wanted to be buried there I know they have different chambers in the pryamids, the sarcophagi or what we believe it to be is sure interesting.

A highly revered person would have treasures beyond imagination, inscriptions of the greatness of their era and most definitely human remains,mummies which does not exist at all, zero, absolutely null in the pyramids of Giza.

The pyramids of Giza differ so much from the other pyramids or tombs we have found, just because 9/10 pryamids were used as tombs it doesn't automatically mean the 10th are also.

I'm not saying I'm correct, but it sure is interesting that the pryamids of Giza lacks so very much of what the other tombs have.

There is no question that the step pyramid was built by Djoser, a third dynasty pharaoh and that the Giza pyramids were built by three pharaohs from the fourth dynasty. We absolutely know how old the pyramids are, the order that they were built in, and by whom.

I see you have never broached the topic of Columbus Day with an Italian American family

Hey! The portuguese also have a stake to claim he was born in Portugal.

Not even 'one of the oldest' :) not to be that guy but as someone who has actually visited Giza and Sakharra, while I do agree that there are mysteries surrounding the Giza complex, I feel like you lack some general knowledge surrounding Egyptology, maybe read up on the whole thing, it's very interesting!

I've been inside the pyramids of Giza. They were very much a personalized tomb for a single, highly revered, person.

The outer shells of the sarcophagi are still present inside. You can't remove them without breaking them apart or disassembling the rest of the structure.

Just a tip: should you find yourself in Giza you too may visit a pyramid and go inside. It's hot and damp in the burial chamber, and you'll certainly be in a long line of people. Glad I did it, wouldn't do it again though.

I'm very aware of the current chronology of the establishment pyramids.

Since the history of the Giza pyramids are LOST to mankind we are best guessing by books/texts written by Romans/Egyptians from local stories when they visited/lived in Egypt.

We also have carbon dating which varies a lot, a group collected 70 samples and got the results 2853 to 3809 BC. That's a difference of 400 years which very well might make the Pyramid of Giza the oldest.

People must understand that we don't know how old the Pyramids are, we are only doing calculated guesses.

The debate should ALWAYS be open around a subject like this specially regarding lost history, just because it's convenient to not change the order doesn't mean the first order is the correct one.

One has Columbus, the other is history’s fighting pit.

Columbus, like any good sailor or merchant at that day and age, could communicate in every language, but didn't speak any language well. Though there is no proof, it is a perfectly safe guess to assume he was fairly acquainted with "sabir".

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> Again, a bizarre representation. Israel and the USA are the only countries in the world to boycott the Cuban economy. They don't prohibit Cuba to trade with and receive aid from the rest of the world.

This is just a lie man, and lying is bad. The US by itself is already a good chunk of the world economy, obviously. But besides that, the US prohibits foreign companies that want to trade with Cuba from engaging in bussiness with the US. So if, say, a german company wants to sell their products in Cuba, that means they won't be able to do it in the US. And there are multiple similar mechanisms, regulations and sanctions that make it very difficult to trade with the US and with Cuba at the same time, or to do bussiness with both countries or with US allies, and so on. And can you guess which market is any company going to choose? Tiny communist island, or the biggest economy in the world?

The claim that Cuba can "freely" trade with other countries is propaganda, plain and simple. This is the bullshit that the US media promotes.

> "Of course the U.S. cannot prohibit firms from other countries from trading with Cuba," Richard Feinberg, a professor of international political economy at the University of California-San Diego, said in an email. "However, the U.S. has instituted various economic sanctions that make that trade and investment riskier and more costly, creating serious disincentives." USA Today

The cynicism you have to have to say that trade from other countries is "seriously discouraged" by the largest economy in the world, while at the same time claiming that Cuba is able to freely trade with other countries, is repugnant.

>Israel has indeed suffered an economic block-aid from much of the Muslim world for the entirety of its existence. Yet, it's doing so well economically that some Arab countries have abandoned the effort so as to benefit from economic relations with Israel.

Lobby groups were able to sanction laws against boycotting Israel. So not only they are not sanctioned by the largest economy in the world, they have laws against boycotting them. Imagine that! I can't think of any other country in the world that has laws against boycotting that country.

> I see. Communists in the USA are arrested and imprisoned in the USA just like non-Communist activists are arrested and imprisoned in Cuba? Believe it or not, the Communist Party of the USA exists legally....its representative runs for President every 4 years. Is there any non-Communist equivalent in Cuba? Better do some remedial studying.

Communist parties in the US and in most of western europe were dismantled during the cold war, you should know. Unrelentless persecution, infiltration, sabotage, false flags, criminalization and assassination of political activists caused a chilling effect and destroyed this organization. I don't know if you are being disingenous or you actually don't know the level of persecution and sabotage that these organizations had in the past. The black panthers were at a time, the largest communist and revolutionary party in the US. And they were chased to literally death. You should know that. Anti-war activists were thrown in jail, repressed with bullet and batons, killed in clashes with the police, suffered from false accusations, and so on.

The CPUSA is able to legally exist because they are so weak and tiny. How can you not see that? If any communist party gained any kind of traction in the US, it would be sabotaged, criminalized and persecuted. This is not an opinion, it is an assertion based on verifiable past experiences.

> Internal repression did and does exist in the United States, but it was not mostly subtle, it was mostly overt. The presence of police—with guns, clubs, dogs, tear gas, and firehoses—is not subtle. Burning crosses are downright ostentatious. Deployment of the National Guard to put down urban uprisings was common practice—there were over 1,000 urban uprisings between 1960 and the mid-‘70s, which means hundreds of instances of tanks, armored personnel carriers, and columns of soldiers invading American cities. According to the most conservative estimates, between 1965 and ’67, around 130 black men were killed and 28,000 arrested in various instances of urban unrest (when you consider that 43 people were killed in Detroit in July 1967 alone, those numbers seems way too low).31 The McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950 established a concentration camp system (6 were completed) where accused subversives would be interned in the case of national emergency; Stokely Carmichael, H. Rap Brown, and Martin Luther King all warned that this law could be used against their movements.32 In 1950, the FBI actually drew up a list of 12,000 accused subversives who were to be rounded up and held in Guantánamo Bay-style indefinite detention–the only reason they weren’t is that Truman declined Hoover’s demands to incarcerate them. After the riots that followed MLK’s assassination, the Army drew up apocalyptic plans under the rubric of Operation Garden Plot to deploy brigades to 25 cities to wage an open counterinsurgency war. If resistance to the status quo had intensified in the 1970s, rather than waned, the Pentagon was ready to turn American cities into “scenes of destruction approaching those of Stalingrad during World War II,” in the words of one Army general.

Noam Chomsky and the compatible left

> Tell that to the hundreds of human-rights activists languishing in Cuban jails for daring to speak out and demonstrate in defense of freedom!

Lol, "in defense of freedom". Freedom from whom, freedom to do what? Freedom to marry whoever you want, to eat every day, to have a house, to have higher education, to rest, to leisure? Or freedom to restore capitalism, to prostitute children and reintroduce gambling? Freedom to make Cuba a US colony again, like during the Batista years? Freedom to do what?

They weren't intending to preserve the bodies, but instead were preparing them for a transition to divinity.

And the central aspect of this divine ritual involved... preserving the body.

It's like arguing I didn't intend to cook dinner, I just wanted to turn raw ingredients into an edible meal because I was hungry. And to do that I had to cook.

"Their reasoning? Both processes contained a similar ingredient: salt. The idea was that you preserve fish to eat at some future time," Price said. "So, they assumed that what was being done to the human body was the same as the treatment for fish."

What kind of proof is that? It even says in the next sentence they didn't use salt, but natron. This whole thing screams like a advertisement for the "Golden Mummies of Egypt" exhibit.

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The burial of Neferuptah was found intact inside her pyramid at Hawara.