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I think you are making the mistake of taking one biome that has cows in and which cows aren't the worst option, and assuming all biomes are like that. What percentage of the world's agricultural land is what you describe?

I'm talking about things like deforested tropical and temperate forest/rainforest. Like, the Amazon isn't being cleared just for kicks. England isn't kept as rolling green fields just for the postcards (and has a similar thing to the US cattle with sheep, which are relatively self sustaining and low impact suited to a lot of the UKs more rugged areas, like for cows how you describe).

I'd agree that animals raised in ways like that aren't the worst. But there's 1.5billion cows in the world and most of them are gorged on high calorie food grown on fertilised fields that would have been - if not for human intervention - something completely different.

(Plus, if you want to live off food like that, you basically have to become a vegan on steroids with how rigourously you study ingredients. Vegans can just look at a packet of chips and be like "damn, it's got milk in, guess I'll get a different brand". People who only want to eat meat from natural farming processes have to either reach the same conclusion, or go on a lengthy research journey to try and figure out if Lays use milk they find acceptable - which inevitably they don't. Sorry for the tangent!)

I really enjoyed my time in MN. Cool state.

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I’ve also heard that the ‘women and children first’ thing is because men are usually physically stronger and bigger so women and children wouldn’t have a chance to get to the lifeboats when everyone is scrambling to save themselves

As someone living in an area that experiences annual wildfire and smoke season (around September usually, here in Seattle/WA) the smoke can get so bad and into hazardous levels. The air quality is so poor with extremely high PM2.5 levels it can’t truly make you feel inflamed and ill.

Fine, inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5) is the air pollutant of greatest concern to public health from wildfire smoke because it can travel deep into the lungs and may even enter the bloodstream.

Here’s an EPA article about wildfire smoke health concerns

I know even at moderate levels I feel a noticeable difference in my breathing, quality of sleep, hydration, fatigue, irritability, etc. Just makes me feel like garbage! Without preexisting conditions like asthma or anything. And you can tell the whole community seems…more impatient, “punchy,” sorta dazed, people coughing everywhere… Blows my mind how many people just carry on with their everyday routines and exert a lot of energy/do outdoor high intensity recreation/hike/bike etc. without any breathing protection. Even here in Seattle when COVID masking was so widespread. It’s like the concept of smoke is something you “see over there” or claiming kids are young and healthy (when they’re at higher risk of impacts due to not fully developed organs).

I LOATHE smoke season SO MUCH. 2020 Seattle was up with Portland with the worst AQ in the world. As was last September-October, nearly 2full months of bad smoke in the Seattle region. From a human caused fire in addition to several others burning. Horrifying, sickening, preventable.

Wildfire smoke is a public health risk. Alongside industry, vehicles, etc.

Glad someone beat me to a Twin Cities comment! Grew up in rural Wisconsin, didn't see myself in a city.

But i am not minding St Paul. I ride my motorcycle past 3 lakes and half under tree cover on my 10 minute commute. Every section of developed space is broken up by trees and/or lakes. Its quite lovely, despite the population density.

for most municipalities, it's not the cost of trees, it's maintenence

True, birds and bugs would absolutely love it.

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I think it's very telling that they die because their immune systems collapse. Maybe it is that way with humans, too.

It might not be better than painting all the roofs white for heat but they'd still do better than shingles or solar panels. A combination of that for the roofs and trees, especially native where possible, would not just impact local temps but also fauna.

Yeah there’s just no way

What frat are they pledging?

UK study finds NO_x makes air spicy. Spicy air linked to big sad because spicy

Edit: Thank you for summarizing and condensing the study! I just like decreasinglyverbose and didn't check which sub we're in oops

Oh and what about enriching soils by fixing nitrogen and stabilizing soil erosion from water and air like providing wind cover for crops? Surely they can't do that.

May cause mississipilepsy

As a letter carrier I second and third this advice!

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Please tell me this hasn’t been ‘recently discovered’

That’s the problem. Summer drought and heat got some of them, freeze got the rest; despite my best efforts to water deep every other day in the summer (we’ll drained caliche soil) and protect from freeze. I’m expecting to lose some very nice big oaks in this ice-pocalypse. The biggest has lost about half its branches already. It’s heart breaking.

That’s because you barely absorb any B12 from supplements. They’re essentially useless. Unfortunately, most people will require B12 injections.

And then you have the street I live on that was recently renamed to a species of tree that’s not found in the area I live in. There’s lots of oaks on my street, but not the specific species they renamed the street to. Also if you’re wondering, my street was originally named after a confederate general who had surrendered nearby. I wish I had gotten to vote on the new name.