Recent comments in /f/science

tyler1128 t1_jbv5v7y wrote

That's a bit of a stretch in the second paragraph. It is clear that serotonin is not the beginning and end for depression, but rather is a factor in many cases. SSRIs don't help much for some people, but they do have a statistically significant improvement over placebo at helping reduce the symptoms of depression in some. Given worse depression is correlated with worse QoL generally, at least in severe cases, they can help some people. The do have nasty side effects though as well.

For myself, I'm pretty much impotent unless I stimulate myself in specific ways that don't generally apply in the case of sex.

I'm personally pretty excited about the future of depression and other mood disorder treatment past the serotonin hypothesis, and including psychedelics and other such drugs. I myself am actually legally prescribed ketamine for ketamine-assisted psychotherapy as of a few months ago.

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old_guitarist OP t1_jbv5oms wrote

Summary

Perception of passing time can be distorted. Emotional experiences, particularly arousal, can contract or expand experienced duration via their interactions with attentional and sensory processing mechanisms. Current models suggest that perceived duration can be encoded from accumulation processes and from temporally evolving neural dynamics. Yet all neural dynamics and information processing ensue at the backdrop of continuous interoceptive signals originating from within the body. Indeed, phasic fluctuations within the cardiac cycle impact neural and information processing.

Here, we show that these momentary cardiac fluctuations distort experienced time and that their effect interacts with subjectively experienced arousal. In a temporal bisection task, durations (200–400 ms) of an emotionally neutral visual shape or auditory tone (experiment 1) or of an image displaying happy or fearful facial expressions (experiment 2) were categorized as short or long.

Across both experiments, stimulus presentation was time-locked to systole, when the heart contracts and baroreceptors fire signals to the brain, and to diastole, when the heart relaxes, and baroreceptors are quiescent. When participants judged the duration of emotionally neural stimuli (experiment 1), systole led to temporal contraction, whereas diastole led to temporal expansion.

Such cardiac-led distortions were further modulated by the arousal ratings of the perceived facial expressions (experiment 2). At low arousal, systole contracted while diastole expanded time, but as arousal increased, this cardiac-led time distortion disappeared, shifting duration perception toward contraction. Thus, experienced time contracts and expands within each heartbeat—a balance that is disrupted under heightened arousal.

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tyler1128 t1_jbv59u1 wrote

We're doing a lot more research in that sort of area than we have for the last 40 years, but MDMA has some potential issues for a daily regiment. Long term chronic usage of MDMA is associated with structural brain changes in both humans and animals. Whether this is the case in lower doses is not known, but it would need a good deal more study to ever get approval.

There's also the fact that most studies regarding drug harm for illicit drugs are done with people using street versions of the drug, so purity is pretty suspect, and other drugs cut in or uncleaned byproducts remaining could contribute to it as well.

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flaminate_strutching t1_jbuvhzu wrote

That’s the research that’s being done now. Because these substances have been illegal for decades even for research, there are still a lot of unanswered questions.

Hopefully, though. Especially since we’re getting more sure that depression doesn’t really have anything to do with serotonin and that SSRIs don’t ultimately improve overall quality of life for people with depression.

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ZalmoxisRemembers t1_jbusse6 wrote

Could a yearly dose of MDMA (or psilocybin/mescaline/LSD) ever replace the daily regiment of something like SSRIs/SNRIs to combat depression for some people? Would that be more effective with less damage? Or less effective and just as damaging? Has any study ever looked at such a thing? I’m sure it’s a very complex problem with many dimensions, I’ve just personally always been interested in this topic as an avid psychonaut with an interest in pharmacology. I’ve personally had really positive experiences from such drugs and I know that without them I would have had much worse mental health. They helped me in the same way that pharmaceuticals do for others. I’d be interested in seeing them become official parts of the pharmaceutical arsenal.

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Maverick0984 t1_jbuqywb wrote

Yeah, that's not the only thing you said though. You made blanket claims. See the previous post of mine where I pointed a couple of these instances out. You are trying to backpedal those statements now.

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SpecterGT260 t1_jbuqone wrote

I'm not trying to prove anything. I am just stating my experience. Based on that experience, I believe the proportion of teachers who are teaching subjects they are unfamiliar with is too high.

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SpecterGT260 t1_jbujgmt wrote

It's weird how you don't seem aware that your statement is also anecdotal. My experience was that there are plenty who don't understand it. If you didn't have that experience perhaps you were lucky or you also didn't understand the material.

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