All spacecraft need radiators because their systems generate heat and you need some way to shed that heat into space. Since convection and ventilation don't work in a vacuum, the only method is radiation.

The need for massive radiators is even greater if you are using nuclear rockets, as those generate massive amounts of heat.

To add to this discussion: Mars is a joke. I can't see any realistic benefit at all for human efforts directed at Mars.

It's cuz it's at the bottom right? Gravity?

/s

I think that's way too many. I'll guess 12.

The perspective of other galaxies like this shot blow my mind.

100's of million stars, planets all in that one little field of view. We could be looking at a million earth like planets right there for all we know. Does this galaxy have a name?

the vastness is just a total mind fuck.

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OP didn’t say build a base. He said colonize.

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I studied history. Periods of human enlightenment are short lived and interspersed between long periods of difficulty. To actually colonize a hostile object beyond Earth would require a level of cooperation and scientific focus never-before seen in human history.

Never heard of it before TBH.

As the OP pointed out. Callisto is the easiest of the Jovian moons to visit. It is also ideal as a jumping off point for the rest of the Jovian moon. With predictions about the idea we will have put people on Mars by the 2100s. The idea of a semi-permanent or permanent base on Callisto being built in by 2200 is pretty likely

Might be possible, but the thrust would have to be extremely weak and long im not aware of any rocket engine that has bruned that long say arohnd 20hours and would take years, to reach Mars probably unmanned and of corse its old and unreliable but plasable. The moon might be a better destination. That could probabaly be manned.

> you'll crack the earth in two

And watch it almost immediately merge back together.

Or, well, not actually watch it. I guess you will have larger problems to think about.

Does this directly correlate to normal lens? What aperture does the telescope have? Must be pretty low if 1/200 ISO200 is sufficient.

Would I get similar results with my Canon 70-200mm 2.8?

So, 500 generations maybe?

You think we can colonize Callisto in 200 years???

It does not have the radiation shielding for radiation found outside near-earth orbit.

🎶...and if the post you're in starts singing different tunes, I'll see you on the left-side of the moon!🎶

It’s been feeding on the rays

The advantage of For All Mankind spacecraft is that none of them has any cooling system at all. Vital components such as antennas, solar panels, or radiators don't exist in the FAM universe. Some ships don't even carry fuel, which is quite convenient also.

3 year trip to Callisto orbit, 2 years on site, 3 years back.... You think people would sign up for a 10 year plus committment?

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I too love the sort of NASA punk aesthetic you get in for all mankind or the Martian but realistically it's a lot smarter to take what we've learnt from the ISS and improve on it.

And gravitational wave! And neutrino! … except so far, our gravitational wave telescope has only two pixels.

The problem is that with enough energy, you’re eventually dealing with liquid and not solid Earth.