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I feel bad for you when you are me.

It's one image, with the Supernova's galaxy appearing in it 3 times, at 3 different moments in time. The duration was estimated using scans from Hubble last year. Believing it to be a type Ia supernova (which all have the same luminosity) allowed them to plug the numbers and figure out the precise "prescription" of the lens that galaxy in the foreground is creating. JWST confirmed it's a type Ia supernova, which means their numbers are accurate.
 Lensing is pretty well understood and they have amazing software to help them out.

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That’s the same thing when it comes to an image and how we are collecting the data

There's a philosophical theory that we're all the same living being. For instance, right now I'm me, but in a past life I was my neighbor or I was Bill Gates, etc. Not really chronological past lives but parallel. The world is populated by a single life form repeated ad infinitum beside itself.

It's funky to ponder that while stoned.

If you can imagine it - it's real

The light from the galaxy, not the galaxy itself.

Any visible thermal glow is going to generally be limited to the engine nozzle itself. The primary visible aspect is reflected sunlight.

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Look for "expansion" and the terms "over expanded" and "under expanded".

The Wikipedia article on Space Jellyfish is a great jumping-off point too.

The exhaust particles spread out because they're being pushed by the exhaust gasses.

The galaxy drove to work, but took 3 different routes. One route had extra gravitational stop lights which caused it to arrive 320 days late. And another one 1000 days late. The fastest route was relatively direct though. We get to see all three in one picture.

So the cool thing is as they watch this over the next three years, they will see the same image develop of three objects to two.

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Fairly sure it's just sunlight reflecting off the exhaust particles

Because they can see the various stages of the supernova in the three images, and supernovas are fairly well understood from a timing and energy mass ejection standpoint.

It's fairly simple. In the absence of much pressure outside the rocket (which is the case when the rocket is at a suitably high altitude), the hot gasses escaping from the rocket simply keep expanding. For a deeper look as to why this occurs, you will want to look into the kinetic theory of gases.

They glow either because they are still quite hot (very near the rocket) or because they are high enough up that they are illuminated by the sun even when the sun is below the horizon from the ground.

In the individual frames you will see detail too. From very dark places, the Milky Way looks incredible even with your naked eye. This is a picture I took with my smartphone while visiting some of the darkest skies in the US

Sometimes I wonder if any of this shit is even real

Gonna need someone to ELI5 this one for me. That's incredible but way over my head

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There is actually only one galaxy.

But why is it saying one was 320 days later and the other is 1000 days later? If it is just one image, how would we be able to know the time dilation to the precision of days of time difference? But also, James Webb was placed at the Lagrange point less than a year ago, so I guess we DO know the difference that light travelled to the degree of days.

The supernova event is 3.2 billion light years away. But we can actually tell that one lens delayed the light from one image by 320 days and the other by 1000 days. Incredible.