Recent comments in /f/todayilearned

No-Neighborhood2152 t1_jdeokx9 wrote

There is a problem with not allowing them to be used for food though...

Having a horse market for food puts a floor on the price of a horse. Meaning that if you cannot afford to care for a horse, feed the horse and the horse is not suitable to be sold you can send it to an auction where it will typically be sold for slaughter, not necessarily for human consumption.

The cost for putting down a horse in my area is about 400 dollars plus a travel fee. Around $750 for me in total. People that can't afford, or just plain suck, will stick the horse out to pasture and not provide food or care, or release it to the wild. I'm a horse lover so I do not like the end of life of a horse sent to a kill plant, but I would argue that the alternative is often far far worse.

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VengefulMight OP t1_jdemsn6 wrote

It wasn’t a good battle for France, they’d been handed the first real defeat they had suffered on land for 10 years. Although it wasn’t the turning point of the Wars (which was the disastrous Russian invasion), it was a sign of things to come.

Under the circumstances they would try to make the death of a general seem as dignified as possible. But bullets were not that accurate back then and cannonballs are capable of tremendous damage.

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VengefulMight OP t1_jdeky8l wrote

It was the first defeat Napoleon had suffered since the Battle of Acre (and he’d lost then because he had fought Britain on their strongest point battles in countries where they had colonial leverage and could deploy their navy, which was the best in the world) ten years prior.

The French got a wake up call that day.

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r1ch999999 t1_jdejp7f wrote

That is why I said in the traditional sense. Modern wild horses are protected for the reason you mentioned, afaik.

I've never eaten horse, to my knowledge, but I'm sure if I was hungry enough I would. We don't tend to eat horse, especially in the USA, because we have rules about what vaccines and drugs we allow in our food supply, and because horses (and dogs) are considered pets/working animals and not food, they're allowed more shots than say, cows or pigs.

I could be wrong in all of that, I'm just repeating what vets have told me.

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KGhaleon t1_jdej6r9 wrote

There are rumored to be native horses that once lived in America due to skeletons found, but they were likely hunted to extinction by the natives until domestic horses were brought back to the continent.

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/american-horses-horses-in-north-america-a-comeback-story/

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Roguewolfe t1_jdegqw0 wrote

It's exactly like that. Quite a few nasty things can cause that type of spastic paralysis (defined as paralysis where muscles cannot relax or un-flex: it's the opposite of flaccid paralysis where they cannot flex).

Your brain, nerves, and muscles have an interconnected system bridged by a small physical gap called the neuromuscular junction. This tiny gap has neurotransmitters that flow between a motor neuron and a muscle. First, your brain decides you want to move or make a motion of some sort, and communicates that to the cerebellum, which subconsciously coordinates the movement (because all movements are quite a bit more complicated and involve more muscles than we realize consciously). Next, the cerebellum, via the spinal cord, sends a message to the muscles saying, "flex!" That message is communicated via a small messenger molecule, acetylcholine. When we no longer wish to flex, we both stop emitting acetylcholine and we actively destroy and recycle any acetylcholine remaining in the junction using enzymes (acetylcholinesterase iirc).

Things that cause paralysis (other than brain and spinal cord injuries) interrupt this process in some way. Things that cause spastic paralysis either mimic acetylcholine but don't get destroyed by enzymes so they stick around for a long time, or they do it by preventing enzymes from finding and reacting with acetylcholine. In the latter example, they usually bind to the enzymes themselves, and "plug it up". In the former example, they bind to the acetylcholine receptor on the muscle cell, activating it and also "plugging it up" such that it stays turned on regardless of what our brain is trying to tell it.

You could also cause flaccid paralysis by disrupting the release of acetylcholine, or by plugging up the muscle receptor with a molecule that binds to it but does not activate it, similar to but critically different from the spastic example in how it affects the cell's interior.

There's quite a lot of plant and insect toxins that can do one or the other. Curare is an often used example in undergraduate biology.

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